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Data Centre Liquid Cooling

Move the heat where air cannot follow

Kelvinix engineers coolant distribution units, direct-to-chip cold plates, rear door heat exchangers and immersion systems for racks running from 30 kW to 200 kW — validated, instrumented and delivered as one thermal loop.

  • 200 kW Per-rack heat load supported
  • 1.04 Partial PUE, immersion loop
  • 45 °C Warm-water supply, chiller-free
  • 3,800+ Racks under Kelvinix loops
  • ASHRAE W17 – W45 Supply water classes
  • N+1 hydraulics Pumps, sensors, controls
  • ISO 9001 : 2015 Manufacturing quality
  • 10 yr coil warranty Copper wetted path
  • 48 h response Global field service

The thermal wall

Air stopped scaling somewhere around 25 kW

A single accelerator package now dissipates more heat than an entire rack did fifteen years ago. Fans get louder, inlet temperatures creep up, and throttling quietly eats the performance you paid for.

  • 01

    Volumetric limit

    Water carries roughly 3,000 times more heat per unit volume than air. No fan curve closes that gap.

  • 02

    Fan power tax

    Server fans alone can consume 8 – 15 % of IT power in a dense air-cooled rack. Liquid gives most of it back.

  • 03

    Floor space

    Going from 8 kW to 80 kW per rack collapses ten cabinets into one, and the white space with it.

  • 04

    Heat reuse

    A 45 °C return is a district-heating asset. A 32 °C air plume is only ever a liability.

Contained cold aisle in a high-density data hall with overhead coolant piping
130 kW per rack in current AI training deployments — four times what a contained air aisle can absorb

Module 01 — Density ladder

How much heat one rack can actually carry

Every step up the ladder is a different heat-transfer path. Air moves roughly 3,000 times less heat per unit volume than water, which is why the curve flattens hard above 25 kW per rack.

Raised-floor air, no containment Industry baseline
8 kW
Contained aisle + in-row DX Industry baseline
25 kW
90 kW
Direct-to-Chip KX-PLATE GX1600
160 kW
Immersion Cooling KX-IMMERSE T200
200 kW

Heat removed per rack — kW

Figures are steady-state capability at a 30 °C facility water supply and a 10 K Delta-T. Actual limits depend on inlet temperature, coolant chemistry and the heat-capture ratio of the server itself.

Module 02 — Loop schematic

Follow one joule from the die to the sky

Select any stage to isolate that leg of the loop. Cold supply runs across the top, warm return along the bottom, and the CDU is the pressure and chemistry break between them.

05 Heat Rejection 40 → 30 °C 04 Facility Water W30 – W45 03 Distribution Unit up to 1,300 kW 02 Rack Manifold 6 bar rated 01 At the Die up to 1,600 W SUPPLY — COLD RETURN — WARM

Coolant distribution unit — the pressure break

The CDU transfers heat between the two loops, holds secondary supply temperature to ±0.5 K, and keeps the technology loop below the pressure the cold plates are rated for. Redundant pumps carry the load N+1.

Capacity
up to 1,300 kW
Temp control
±0.5 K
Pumps
N+1, hot-swap
Secondary pressure
≤ 6 bar

Module 03 — Selection wizard

Tell us the density, we will name the technology

Per-rack power is the single number that decides which cooling path is viable. Move the slider and the recommendation, the expected partial PUE and the matching hardware all follow.

Kilowatts drawn by a single rack at full utilisation.

Workload profile

Profile adjusts the heat-capture assumption and redundancy advice.

Recommended path

Active rear door heat exchange

Expected partial PUE
1.12
Heat captured to liquid
95 %
Loop flow required
64 L/min
CDU units for 20 racks
1 × N+1

Matching hardware

    Flow is computed from Q = ṁ × cp × ΔT at a 10 K Delta-T with water at 4.18 kJ/kg·K. Send us the real rack elevation and we will size it properly.

    Module 04 — Energy model

    What the overhead actually costs you

    Cooling is the second-largest line on a data centre power bill and the only one you can engineer away. Set your own numbers — nothing is sent anywhere, the model runs in your browser.

    Grid carbon intensity

    Annual electricity saved

    1,842,000

    15,350,000 kWh removed from the cooling overhead every year

    IT load
    5.40 MW
    Cooling overhead removed
    2.54 MW
    CO₂e avoided
    5,833 t / yr
    Loop flow at 10 K
    7,742 L/min
    Water-side heat
    4.59 MW
    CDU units required
    5 × 1,300 kW
    Air-cooled today 8.37 MW total
    With Kelvinix liquid loop 5.83 MW total

    Figures are indicative and assume 8,760 operating hours, water at 4.18 kJ/kg·K and a 10 K Delta-T across the loop. Currency is unscaled — read it in whichever unit you entered the price.

    Have an engineer verify these numbers
    Thermal validation bench with an instrumented liquid-cooled server under test

    Engineering & support

    The hardware is half of it

    Kelvinix ships loops, not boxes. Our applications team models the flow network before anything is quoted, and our field engineers stay on the commissioning until the Delta-T on the trend chart matches the one on the drawing.

    Thermal modelling

    CFD and hydraulic simulation of the full rack elevation, returned with a sized flow and pressure budget.

    Factory wet testing

    Every CDU runs at rated flow and pressure on our test rig; you get the curve, not a claim.

    Commissioning

    On-site fill, purge, leak-check and control tuning, with a signed acceptance record.

    Fluid programme

    Coolant chemistry, sampling schedule and filtration service for the life of the loop.

    How a project runs

    From heat load to signed acceptance

    A typical retrofit runs sixteen to twenty-two weeks. New build schedules are set by the mechanical contractor, and we work to theirs.

    1. 01

      Thermal survey

      Rack elevations, per-device power, available facility water and the return temperature you need.

    2. 02

      Loop design

      Flow network, pressure drop, Delta-T budget and CDU redundancy, issued as a schematic and BOM.

    3. 03

      Factory build

      Manufacture, wet test at rated duty, and a witnessed factory acceptance test if you want one.

    4. 04

      Install & fill

      Mechanical tie-in, flush, fill with treated coolant, pressure hold and leak verification.

    5. 05

      Commission & hand over

      Control tuning, trend capture against design, operator training and the maintenance schedule.

    Insights

    Notes from the applications desk

    Working papers on density, water temperature and heat capture — written by the people who size the loops.

    Send us your rack layout and heat load

    Our applications engineers return a sized loop schematic, flow and Delta-T budget, and a bill of materials within two working days.

    Hours
    Mon – Fri, 08:00 – 18:00 (UTC-5) · 24/7 field support